Békéscsaba: Hungary

Békéscsaba: Hungary
Békéscsaba (Romanian: BichiÅŸciaba) is an urban county in Southeast Hungary, the capital of the county Békés. As of the census of 2001, there are 67,383 people residing in the town; 93.8% Magyars, 6% Slovaks, 0.6% Germans, 0.4% Roma, 0.4% Romanians, 0.2% Slovenians, 0.1% Ukrainians, and 5.6% other. The population density is 347.44/km². There are 27.811 housing units at an average density of 143.4/km².
History
The area has been inhabited since the ancient times. In the Iron Age the area had been conquered by the Scythians, by the Celts, then by the Huns. After the Hungarian Conquest, there were many small villages in the area.
The village of Csaba was first mentioned in the 1330s, its name (which is also a popular first name for boys) is of Turkish origin. Besides Csaba, eight other villages stood where now the town stands. When the Turks conquered Hungary, and the country became part of the Ottoman Empire, the town survived, but it became extinct during the fights against the Turks in the 17th century.
In 1715 Csaba is mentioned as a deserted place, but only one year later its name can be found in a document mentioning the tax-paying towns. It is likely that the new Csaba was founded by János György Harruckern, who earned distinction in the freedom fight against the Turks and bought the area of Békés county. By 1847 the town was among the twenty largest towns of Hungary, with a population of 22,000. Nevertheless, Csaba was still like a large village, with muddy streets and crowded houses.
By 1858 the railway line reached the town. This brought development; new houses and factories were built, the town began to prosper. Still, by the end of the 19th century the unemployment caused great tension, and in 1891 a revolt was oppressed by the help of Romanian soldiers. One of the most important person in the politics of the town was András L. �chim, who founded a peasants’ party and succeeded in having Békéscsaba elevated to the rank of “city with council�.
World War I brough suffering to the town. Between 1919 and 1920 Békéscsaba was under Romanian occupation. After the Trianon peace treaty Hungary lost its most important Southern cities, Arad and Nagyvárad, and Békéscsaba had to take over their roles, becoming the most important town of the area.
Between the two world wars the recession caused poverty and unemployment, and a flood in 1925 didn’t help, either.
During World War II battles weren’t fought in the area, but two tragic events shook the town in 1944: between June 24th and 26th over 3,000 Jews were sent to Auschwitz, and on 21st September the British and American Air Force bombed the railway station and its surroundings, killing more than 100 people. On 6th October 1944 the Soviet army occupied Békéscsaba.
During the Socialist times Békéscsaba became the county seat of Békés (1950), and began to develop into one of the most important centres of food industry of Hungary. After the change of regime in 1990 the industry got into a crisis, lots of people lost their jobs. Today the crisis seems to be over and Békéscsaba is prospering again.